Human studiesCosmetic anti-inflammatory signal peptide
Rigin
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (INCI name; formerly palmitoyl tetrapeptide-3), Pal-GQPR; one of the two peptides in Matrixyl 3000
Common dose
Topical, about 1.5–4 ppm
Cycle
Continuous
Vial sizes
10 mg
Rigin is the trade name for palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7: GQPR, a four-amino-acid piece of the antibody IgG, with a palmitic acid (fatty acid) tail added to help it into skin. It’s marketed to damp inflammation signals in skin, and it’s the second peptide in Matrixyl 3000.
Evidence. No study has tested it alone for a skin benefit. Human data come from the developer’s 2-month tests of Matrixyl 3000, its blend with palmitoyl tripeptide-1 (24 and 28 people), and from multi-ingredient products; in a 6-month trial in 60 people, wrinkles improved in 43% vs 22% on the plain serum, not a significant difference. Cosmetics don’t need FDA approval.
What it’s used for
None of these uses is approved. Uses tested in people come first, then claims that rest on animal studies or user reports.
Fine lines and wrinkles
TrialUnproven alone: developer tests of Matrixyl 3000, its blend with palmitoyl tripeptide-1, reported less deep wrinkling over 2 months; a 60-person, 6-month trial of a multi-ingredient serum wasn’t significant vs vehicle.
Firmer, denser skin
TrialUnproven alone: in the developer’s 28-woman test of a Matrixyl 3000 cream, the layer under the outer skin became denser than on the placebo side; developer data from a patent.
Calming skin inflammation
AnimalUnproven: in its developer’s cell tests it lowered IL-6, an inflammation signal, including after UVB light. A 2021 review found no study in irritated or sensitive skin.
Boosting collagen
AnimalUnproven in people: with other peptides it raised type III collagen in UV-exposed cells, and blends raised collagen in lab tests; in volunteers it stayed in the dead outer skin layer.
Under-eye wrinkles and dryness
TrialUnproven alone: a 12-week single-group study (37 women) of an eye cream with it and other actives reported better hydration and elasticity, with no comparison group.
Wound healing
AnimalUnproven: in diabetic mice, a chitosan gel carrying it plus stem cells sped wound closure; the peptide’s own share is unknown, and no human wound study exists.
Injections or mesotherapy
No studyUnproven: no study has tested palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 by injection in people or animals, and cosmetic-grade peptide isn’t made to injectable standards.
Trial: tested in people, with the result. Animal: cell or animal studies only. No study: nothing published supports it.
Not approved as a drug in the US or EU; used as a cosmetic ingredient. Cosmetics don’t need FDA approval before sale.
US compounding
Never nominated for FDA’s compounding bulk lists; it isn’t on any of FDA’s 503A or 503B category lists (May 2026 and March 2025 versions).
European Union
No marketing authorization as a medicine. Listed in the EU cosmetic ingredient database (CosIng) as palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, a skin-conditioning ingredient, with no annex restriction.
United Kingdom
No marketing authorization (MHRA). Cosmetics containing it fall under UK cosmetics law rather than medicines regulation.
Canada
No marketing authorization; no product lists it as an active ingredient in Health Canada’s Drug Product Database.
Australia
No marketing authorization, and it isn’t named in the Poisons Standard (October 2026).
Sport (WADA 2026)
Not banned in sportNot named on the 2026 list. It’s a topical cosmetic ingredient used at a few parts per million, not a drug of the kind S0 covers. The 2027 list adds peptides to S0’s examples but names no cosmetic ingredients.
Category 2 is FDA’s list of bulk substances that may present significant safety risks in compounding. The 503A bulks list adds substances that pharmacies may compound with. Advisory committee votes are advice; FDA makes the final decision. Sport status follows the WADA Prohibited List in force since January 1, 2026; athletes should confirm with their anti-doping organization. Checked October 5, 2026. Status outside the US checked October 7, 2026 against EMA, MHRA, Health Canada and TGA records. By country: EU, UK, Canada, Australia. Status of every compound.
How it works
Rigin’s peptide, GQPR, is a short stretch of the antibody IgG; in 1981 it boosted phagocytosis (immune cells engulfing microbes) in lab tests as much as tuftsin, a similar IgG fragment. Its developer reports that the palmitoyl form lowers interleukin-6 (IL-6), an inflammation signal, from skin cells, including after UVB light, and that paired with palmitoyl tripeptide-1 it raised collagen and fibronectin made by fibroblasts. In 3 volunteers it stayed in the dead outer skin layer.
AnimalMainly from cell and animal studies; not shown in people.
Not known
Whether enough reaches living skin cells to damp inflammation or raise collagen, and whether results with blends owe anything to it rather than its partner peptide or moisturizing, is unknown.
Protocol
Trial
Fournial patent 2012
Developer test: cream with 3% Matrixyl 3000 (about 1.5 ppm of this peptide plus 3 ppm palmitoyl tripeptide-1), twice daily on half the face for 2 months.
Community
Usually comes from Matrixyl 3000 added at 3–8%, about 1.5–4 ppm of this peptide; “5% Matrixyl 3000” doesn’t mean 5% pure peptide.
Frequency
1–2× daily (topical)
Route
Topical only
Cycle
Continuous; studies judged results at 2 to 6 months.
Week 15913172125
Continuous, shown over 26 weeks
Common protocols
The ways Rigin is most often run, each tagged with where it comes from.
Developer test of Matrixyl 3000
Trial
Dose
3% Matrixyl 3000 in a cream (about 1.5 ppm of this peptide)
How often
Twice daily on half the face and one forearm
How long
2 months
28 women aged 51–72, placebo cream on the other side: the low-density band under the outer skin of the inner forearm was 11% thinner and 15% denser, and facial dermal fibers about 13% thicker. Developer data from a patent application.
Multi-ingredient serum (trial)
Trial
Dose
Serum with palmitoyl oligopeptide, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 and other actives
How often
Once daily
How long
6 months, then 6 more open-label
Watson 2009, 60 people: wrinkles improved in 43% vs 22% on the plain serum (not significant); fibrillin-1, a skin fiber protein, increased.
Finished cream or serum
Community
Dose
3–8% Matrixyl 3000 (about 1.5–4 ppm of this peptide)
How often
1–2× daily
How long
Judge at 2–3 months
Added at cool-down. The blend also supplies twice as much palmitoyl tripeptide-1; the stand-alone Rigin solution is less often used.
Taking it
Where it goes
Applied to clean skin of the face, around the eyes, neck or hands. Topical only; never inject it.
If you miss a dose
Nothing special. Skip it and use the next application as usual.
Developer tests of 3% Matrixyl 3000: less deep wrinkling and roughness than at the start in 24 people, and in 28 women a denser layer under the outer skin than on the placebo side. Developer data only.
Trial
6–12 months
With a multi-ingredient serum, 43% vs 22% had fewer wrinkles at 6 months (not significant), and 70% had improved after 12 months of use (Watson 2009).
Trial
Side effects and what to do
Skin irritation or redness (none in a 52-person patch test of the 500 ppm supplier solution)
Patch-test first. Stop if it doesn’t settle.
Eye irritation (the supplier solution was slightly irritating in a lab eye test)
Keep it out of the eyes. Rinse with water if it gets in.
Infection or harm from injecting a cosmetic serum
Never inject topical products; they aren’t sterile.
Stop and get medical help
Stop and see a doctor for a spreading rash, swelling, blistering or hives, or eye pain after contact.
Can it cause …?
The side effects people ask about most, answered one by one. Each answer says where it comes from.
Acne, rash or skin changes
TrialA 52-person patch test of the 500 ppm supplier solution found no irritation or allergy, and product studies reported no skin reactions.
Cancer risk
Not reportedNot reported in studies up to 6 months, and no cancer studies exist; the supplier solution was negative in a gene-damage (Ames) test.
TirednessHeadacheNausea or vomitingDiarrhea or constipationDizzinessTrouble sleepingHair lossWater retention or swellingJoint or muscle painAnxiety, low mood or irritabilityLow or high blood sugarFast heartbeat or blood pressure changesMore hungerLiver strainKidney problems
Not reportedNot reported in skin studies of products containing it, up to 60 people for 6 months.
Trial: reported in human studies. Not reported: studied in people and not reported. A side effect that hasn’t been reported can still happen, especially with long or high-dose use. Any of these across every compound: the side-effect finder.
Who should avoid it
No product label covers Rigin, so these come from human studies and from precautions based on how it works. Most important first.
Anyone thinking of injecting it
PrecautionIt is a cosmetic ingredient, not made to injectable standards, and has never been tested by injection.
Anyone mixing pure powder at high strength
PrecautionCosmetics use it at a few ppm, and a 2018 safety review backed only current use levels; stronger mixes haven’t been tested.
Pregnancy or breastfeeding
PrecautionNo human safety data exist.
Interactions
No interaction studies have been published, and no product label lists any.
Precaution: follows from how it works or from a related drug, and hasn’t been tested. This isn’t a complete list: a pharmacist or doctor can check a specific medicine or condition. Every documented interaction, by medicine: drug interactions.
Special situations
What’s known about pregnancy, breastfeeding, kidney and liver problems, age and surgery. Where nothing has been studied, the row says so.
Pregnancy
PrecautionNo human data on use in pregnancy; cosmetics contain it at a few ppm.
Breastfeeding
PrecautionNo human data; it isn’t known whether any reaches breast milk.
Kidney problems
PrecautionNot studied in people with kidney disease; in volunteers it stayed in the dead outer skin layer.
Liver problems
PrecautionNot studied in people with liver disease; in volunteers it stayed in the dead outer skin layer.
Older adults
PrecautionNot studied as a group; the developer’s test enrolled women aged 51–72, and a patch test that included people up to age 79 found no reactions.
Children and teens
PrecautionNot studied for skin benefits in anyone under 18, and not approved for any age.
Surgery and anesthesia
PrecautionNo data; tell the surgical team about any product used.
Precaution: not studied, so the caution follows from how it works or from a related drug. Ages are given as approved or studied; this site never gives doses for children. Across every compound: pregnancy, breastfeeding, kidney disease, liver disease, older adults and surgery.
Paired in Matrixyl 3000. In the developer’s cell tests the pair raised collagen more than their separate effects added up; no human study separates them.
Human studies
5 key published human studies, with how many people took part. Animal studies aren’t listed here.
201228 people
Against the placebo side, the low-density band under the outer skin of the inner forearm was 11% thinner and 15% denser (p<0.01), and facial dermal fibers were 13% thicker on confocal imaging (p<0.05).
Design
Developer’s randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled half-face and forearm test, reported in a patent application
Dose
Cream with 3% Matrixyl 3000 (about 1.5 ppm palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 and 3 ppm palmitoyl tripeptide-1), twice daily
Length
2 months
Fournial & Mondon, patent application WO 2012/164488; Mondon et al., J Cosmet Dermatol 2015, PMID 25817264 (same measures, no figures in the abstract)
200960 people
Wrinkles improved in 43% vs 22% on vehicle, not a significant difference (p=0.10); fibrillin-1 rose significantly; 70% improved by 12 months. Its own share can’t be separated.
Design
Randomized double-blind vehicle-controlled trial, then 6 months open-label; funded by the product’s maker
Dose
Serum with palmitoyl oligopeptide, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, vitamin C and A derivatives and plant extracts, once daily on face and hands
Length
6 months (12 with the open phase)
Watson et al., Br J Dermatol 2009, PMID 19438432
201824 people
Deep wrinkles and roughness fell and elasticity rose significantly from the start on the peptide side (p<0.01), with no significant change on the plain side; no between-side statistics were given.
Design
Developer’s half-face test vs the same cream without peptides (randomization not described), summarized in a safety review
Dose
Cream with 3% Matrixyl 3000, morning and night
Length
2 months
Johnson et al., Int J Toxicol 2018 (Cosmetic Ingredient Review), doi:10.1177/1091581818807863
201852 people
No sign of skin irritation or allergic sensitization in adults aged 18–79.
Design
Repeated-insult patch test: 9 occluded patches over 3 weeks, then a challenge patch after a 2-week rest
Dose
Supplier solution with 500 ppm palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7
Length
About 5 weeks
Johnson et al., Int J Toxicol 2018 (Cosmetic Ingredient Review), doi:10.1177/1091581818807863
20263 people
Both peptides reached every layer of the stratum corneum, the dead outer skin layer, but stayed between cells and fell off with depth; deeper layers weren’t sampled.
Design
Skin-penetration study using tape stripping and mass spectrometry
No ongoing trial of Rigin is registered, and none has finished recently without publishing its results. Checked on ClinicalTrials.gov, October 7, 2026. Every compound: trials under way.
Limits of the evidence
No study has tested Rigin alone for any skin benefit. Human data come from the developer’s 2-month tests of Matrixyl 3000, its blend with palmitoyl tripeptide-1 (24 and 28 people), and from multi-ingredient products; the largest, 60 people for 6 months, found no significant wrinkle difference vs vehicle. Its anti-inflammatory and collagen effects rest on cell tests, and in volunteers it stayed in the dead outer layer. High strengths and use over years are untested.
Serum strength
Rigin is used on the skin, so the math is a dilution, not a syringe dose.
Powder
Serum volume
Strength
Percent
ppm
10 mg
1,000 mL
0.01 mg/mL
0.001%
10 ppm
10 mg
2,000 mL
0.005 mg/mL
0.001%
5 ppm
10 mg
2,500 mL
0.004 mg/mL
0%
4 ppm
10 mg
5,000 mL
0.002 mg/mL
0%
2 ppm
Matrixyl 3000 is a dilute solution holding 50 ppm of this peptide and 100 ppm palmitoyl tripeptide-1; the stand-alone Rigin solution holds 500 ppm. 10 mg of pure peptide in 2.5 liters of product gives 4 ppm, the top of what a Matrixyl 3000 serum delivers.
Finished serum: cool and dark, within the product’s stated shelf life.
Molecule: PubChem CID 10078408 (palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, CAS 221227-05-0); UNII Q41S464P1R
Storage:Community Supplier storage advice for the Matrixyl 3000 solution; common research-peptide practice for powder. No manufacturer stability data checked.
Most products get it from Matrixyl 3000, a dilute solution with 50 ppm of it and 100 ppm palmitoyl tripeptide-1, used at 3–8%. The stand-alone Rigin solution holds 500 ppm, so pure powder is far stronger than either.
Cautions
Cosmetic ingredient; never inject it.
Nearly all human data come from blends with palmitoyl tripeptide-1 and other actives, so its own effect is unknown.
Its anti-inflammatory action comes only from the developer’s cell tests.
Rigin and Matrixyl 3000 are dilute solutions; pure powder at percent strengths hasn’t been tested. Patch-test first.
Questions
What is Rigin?
Rigin is the trade name for palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7: GQPR, a four-amino-acid piece of the antibody IgG, with a palmitic acid (fatty acid) tail added to help it into skin. It’s marketed to damp inflammation signals in skin, and it’s the second peptide in Matrixyl 3000.
How does Rigin work?
Rigin’s peptide, GQPR, is a short stretch of the antibody IgG; in 1981 it boosted phagocytosis (immune cells engulfing microbes) in lab tests as much as tuftsin, a similar IgG fragment. Its developer reports that the palmitoyl form lowers interleukin-6 (IL-6), an inflammation signal, from skin cells, including after UVB light, and that paired with palmitoyl tripeptide-1 it raised collagen and fibronectin made by fibroblasts. In 3 volunteers it stayed in the dead outer skin layer. Whether enough reaches living skin cells to damp inflammation or raise collagen, and whether results with blends owe anything to it rather than its partner peptide or moisturizing, is unknown.
Is Rigin FDA-approved?
Not approved as a drug in the US or EU; used as a cosmetic ingredient. Cosmetics don’t need FDA approval before sale. Never nominated for FDA’s compounding bulk lists; it isn’t on any of FDA’s 503A or 503B category lists (May 2026 and March 2025 versions).
What is the usual Rigin dose?
From human studies (Fournial patent 2012): Developer test: cream with 3% Matrixyl 3000 (about 1.5 ppm of this peptide plus 3 ppm palmitoyl tripeptide-1), twice daily on half the face for 2 months. From community reports, not established: Usually comes from Matrixyl 3000 added at 3–8%, about 1.5–4 ppm of this peptide; “5% Matrixyl 3000” doesn’t mean 5% pure peptide. These are the amounts sources reference, not recommendations.
Who should avoid Rigin?
No product label covers Rigin, so these come from human studies and from precautions based on how it works. Anyone thinking of injecting it: It is a cosmetic ingredient, not made to injectable standards, and has never been tested by injection. Anyone mixing pure powder at high strength: Cosmetics use it at a few ppm, and a 2018 safety review backed only current use levels; stronger mixes haven’t been tested. Pregnancy or breastfeeding: No human safety data exist.
How should Rigin be stored?
Supplier solutions: fridge (about 4 °C), sealed. Pure powder: freezer (about −20 °C), kept dry. After mixing: Finished serum: cool and dark, within the product’s stated shelf life. This is common practice; no product label covers it.
Is Rigin banned in sport?
No. Not named on the 2026 list. It’s a topical cosmetic ingredient used at a few parts per million, not a drug of the kind S0 covers. The 2027 list adds peptides to S0’s examples but names no cosmetic ingredients.
Has Rigin been studied in people?
Yes. The human studies section lists 5 published studies. The largest, from 2009, included 60 people. Wrinkles improved in 43% vs 22% on vehicle, not a significant difference (p=0.10); fibrillin-1 rose significantly; 70% improved by 12 months. Its own share can’t be separated.
How long has Rigin been studied in people?
Trial 6 months blinded, then 6 more open-label, in 60 people using a serum that mixed it with other actives. Never tested alone.
Is Rigin ever injected or taken by mouth?
Trial Used in creams and serums. In 3 volunteers it reached every layer of the dead outer skin layer but stayed between cells; injection and oral use are untested.
What happens if you use too much Rigin?
No study There’s no label and no overdose data. Cosmetics contain it at a few ppm, and a 2018 safety review backed current use levels. Call Poison Help (1-800-222-1222), or emergency services for severe symptoms.
Sources
Veretennikova et al., rigin, a phagocytosis-stimulating tetrapeptide from human IgG (Int J Pept Protein Res 1981) PMID 7309346
Fournial & Mondon, developer’s patent application with a 28-woman placebo-controlled test of a Pal-GHK and Pal-GQPR cream (WO 2012/164488, 2012)
Mondon et al., developer’s skin-imaging study of a palmitoyl oligopeptide and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 blend (J Cosmet Dermatol 2015) PMID 25817264
Watson et al., 6-month randomized trial of a serum with palmitoyl oligopeptide, palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 and other actives (Br J Dermatol 2009) PMID 19438432
Johnson et al., Cosmetic Ingredient Review safety assessment of tripeptide-1, hexapeptide-12, their derivatives and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Int J Toxicol 2018) doi:10.1177/1091581818807863
Trzaska et al., penetration of Pal-GHK and Pal-GQPR into the outer skin layer in volunteers (Int J Pharm 2026) PMID 42790608
For how it works, who should avoid it and the limits of the evidence
Schagen, review of topical peptide treatments, summarizing the developer’s IL-6 and imaging data (Cosmetics 2017) doi:10.3390/cosmetics4020016
Resende et al., peptides in cosmetics for sensitive skin, noting no clinical anti-inflammatory study of palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Pharmaceuticals 2021) PMID 34451799
For uses, the side-effect questions, special situations, trials, identifiers and status outside the US
Fournial & Mondon, developer’s patent application with a 28-woman test of a Pal-GHK and Pal-GQPR cream (WO 2012/164488, 2012)
Zang et al., cosmetic peptides and type III collagen in UV-exposed cells and skin samples (Int J Cosmet Sci 2026) PMID 42683869
Yang et al., 12-week single-group study of an eye cream with palmitoyl tripeptide-1 and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (Skin Res Technol 2024) PMID 38932444
Xing et al., chitosan hydrogel carrying palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 and stem cells in diabetic mouse wounds (Int J Biol Macromol 2025) PMID 40023432
Semersky et al., split-face pilot of a multi-ingredient serum in 7 women on GLP-1 or SGLT-2 drugs (Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2025) PMID 40401118
FDA Global Substance Registration System record for palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (UNII Q41S464P1R); PubChem CID 10078408; WHO ATC index (no entry)
EU CosIng entry for palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 (checked October 9, 2026)
Health Canada Drug Product Database search (checked October 9, 2026)
Australian Poisons Standard, October 2026 (no entry)
ClinicalTrials.gov searches for palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7, Rigin, Pal-GQPR and Matrixyl 3000 (checked October 9, 2026)
Doses tagged Community come from public dosing guides and user reports, checked against at least two of them. Those sites aren’t named here because many of them sell peptides or earn commissions on them.