XW003 (Sciwind Biosciences); Xianweiying (China); oral form XW004 or VRB-101
Common dose
0.3 → 0.6–2.4 mg weekly (trials)
Cycle
Continuous
Form
Ready-made pens
A weekly GLP-1 analog with a fatty-acid chain, designed to trigger the receptor’s main signal (cAMP) while barely pulling the receptor into the cell, a pattern called signaling bias. It lowers blood sugar and appetite.
Evidence. Approved only in China: for type 2 diabetes in adults in January 2026 and for long-term weight management in March 2026. In SLIMMER (664 Chinese adults), 2.4 mg weekly lowered weight 13.2% at 40 weeks vs a 0.1% gain on placebo, and in EECOH-2 it lowered HbA1c slightly more than dulaglutide. An oral version is in phase 2 trials.
What it’s used for
Approved uses first, then uses tested in people, then claims that rest on animal studies or user reports.
Type 2 diabetes
LabelApproved in China since January 2026. In EECOH-1 (211 adults), HbA1c, a 3-month blood sugar average, fell 1.96–2.43 points vs 0.87 on placebo at 24 weeks; it slightly beat dulaglutide in EECOH-2.
Weight loss in obesity or overweight
LabelApproved in China since March 2026 for adults. In SLIMMER (664 Chinese adults), weight fell 9.1–13.2% on 1.2–2.4 mg vs a 0.1% gain on placebo at 40 weeks, counting everyone who got a dose.
Sleep apnea
No studyUnproven: two phase 3 trials in Chinese adults with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, 140 people each, began in 2026; no results yet.
Knee osteoarthritis pain
No studyUnproven: a 68-week phase 3 trial in 360 Chinese adults with obesity and knee osteoarthritis began recruiting in August 2026.
Label: an approved use. No study: nothing published supports it.
Not approved in the US, EU, UK, Canada or Australia. Approved only in China (NMPA): in January 2026 for blood-sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes and in March 2026 for long-term weight management in adults with overweight or obesity.
Approval history
2026China (NMPA): Ecnoglutide injection: type 2 diabetes in adults
2026China (NMPA): Ecnoglutide injection: long-term weight management in adults
European Union
No marketing authorization; EMA lists no ecnoglutide product (checked October 8, 2026).
United Kingdom
No marketing authorization; no ecnoglutide product appears in the MHRA products database.
Canada
No marketing authorization; Health Canada’s Drug Product Database lists no ecnoglutide product.
Australia
No product registered, and ecnoglutide isn’t named in the Poisons Standard (October 2026). Early trials of the tablet form have run there.
Sport (WADA 2026)
Not banned in sportNot named on the 2026 list. China approved it in January 2026, so the S0 rule for drugs with no government approval doesn’t apply, and no other section covers GLP-1 drugs. WADA’s 2026 Monitoring Program tracks only semaglutide and tirzepatide in this class.
Sport status follows the WADA Prohibited List in force since January 1, 2026; athletes should confirm with their anti-doping organization. Checked October 5, 2026. Status outside the US checked October 7, 2026 against EMA, MHRA, Health Canada and TGA records. By country: EU, UK, Canada, Australia. Status of every compound.
How it works
Ecnoglutide is a modified GLP-1, a gut hormone, carrying the same kind of fatty-acid chain as semaglutide, so one dose lasts about a week. It switches on the GLP-1 receptor, which raises insulin when blood sugar is high, lowers glucagon, slows stomach emptying and curbs appetite. In cell tests it strongly triggered the receptor’s cAMP signal but barely pulled the receptor into the cell, a pattern called signaling bias that its developers sought.
TrialMainly from studies in people.
Not known
Whether the signaling bias seen in cells gives any advantage in people is unproven; no head-to-head result against semaglutide has been published. Long-term safety, heart outcomes and effects outside Chinese populations are unknown.
Protocol
Trial
EECOH-1, Nat Commun 2026
0.3 mg once weekly, doubled every 4 weeks to 0.6 mg (from week 5) or 1.2 mg (from week 9), in type 2 diabetes. At 24 weeks HbA1c fell 1.96 and 2.43 points vs 0.87 on placebo.
Trial
SLIMMER, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025
1.2, 1.8 or 2.4 mg once weekly in adults with overweight or obesity. At 40 weeks weight fell 9.1%, 10.9% and 13.2% vs a 0.1% gain on placebo, counting everyone who got a dose.
Frequency
Once weekly
Route
Subcutaneous injection; tablets only in trials
Cycle
Continuous in trials (24–52 weeks); approved in China for long-term use.
Week 15913172125
Continuous, shown over 26 weeks
Common protocols
The ways Ecnoglutide is most often run, each tagged with where it comes from.
Type 2 diabetes (EECOH-1)
Trial
Dose
0.6 or 1.2 mg
How often
Once weekly
How long
24 weeks, plus a 28-week open-label extension
Started at 0.3 mg and doubled every 4 weeks. HbA1c fell 1.96 and 2.43 points vs 0.87 on placebo; 1.4% stopped for side effects.
Type 2 diabetes vs dulaglutide (EECOH-2)
Trial
Dose
0.6 or 1.2 mg
How often
Once weekly
How long
52 weeks
Added to metformin. At 32 weeks HbA1c fell 1.91 and 1.89 points vs 1.65 on dulaglutide 1.5 mg; the authors judged the gap not clinically relevant.
Weight management (SLIMMER)
Trial
Dose
1.2, 1.8 or 2.4 mg
How often
Once weekly
How long
40 weeks (main result); treatment continued to 48
Weight fell 9.1%, 10.9% and 13.2% vs a 0.1% gain on placebo at 40 weeks. Sciwind reports 15.4% on 2.4 mg at 48 weeks, not yet in a published paper.
Oral tablet (in trials)
Trial
Dose
Not yet published
How often
Daily or weekly tablets in trials
How long
Phase 1–2
Called XW004, or VRB-101 outside China. A 206-person US phase 2b finished in July 2026 without published results.
EECOH-1 step-up (1.2 mg group)
Period
Dose
Weeks 1–4
0.3 mg
Weeks 5–8
0.6 mg
Week 9 on
1.2 mg
The 0.6 mg group stayed at 0.6 mg from week 5. The weight trial’s step-up to 2.4 mg wasn’t published in an accessible source, and China’s label wasn’t available in English.
Taking it
Where it goes
Injected under the skin once a week in trials; the belly, thigh or upper arm are the usual sites, rotated each week. The Chinese label’s instructions weren’t available in English.
If you miss a dose
No English-language label or published trial rule. Common practice for weekly GLP-1 drugs is to take the next dose on schedule without doubling up; for comparison, the Trulicity label allows a late dose only if the next one is at least 3 days away.
In the diabetes trials the dose doubles every 4 weeks from 0.3 mg. Stomach and gut side effects peaked during these steps and eased later.
Trial
Week 24
EECOH-1: HbA1c fell 1.96–2.43 points vs 0.87 on placebo; 68–80% reached HbA1c under 7% vs 21%, and weight fell about 3 kg.
Trial
Week 40
SLIMMER: weight fell 13.2% on 2.4 mg vs a 0.1% gain on placebo; 87% lost at least 5% vs 16%, counting everyone who got a dose.
Trial
Week 52
HbA1c improvements held through 52 weeks in both diabetes trials; in EECOH-2, 3–4% stopped because of side effects vs 3% on dulaglutide.
Trial
Side effects and what to do
Decreased appetite (EECOH-1: 22–27% vs 4% on placebo)
Expected from how it works. Report it if eating becomes very hard or weight falls fast.
Diarrhea 11–25% and bloating 4–9% vs 6% and 1% on placebo (EECOH-1)
Mostly mild to moderate and worst during dose steps. Drink enough fluids.
Nausea 7–13% vs 10% on placebo (EECOH-1); 12% vs 3% in the phase 2 trial
Usually eases after the step-up period.
Weakness (asthenia): 14% on 1.2 mg vs 3% on placebo (EECOH-1)
Tell the prescriber if it persists.
Faster pulse (up 3–5 beats per minute; fast heartbeat 5.6% on 1.2 mg vs 1.4%)
Report a racing heart at rest or palpitations.
Stop and get medical help
Severe belly pain that won’t go away (may spread to the back), signs of allergy such as face or throat swelling, a racing heart at rest, or dehydration (dizziness, very little urine). Get medical help.
Can it cause …?
The side effects people ask about most, answered one by one. Each answer says where it comes from.
Tiredness
TrialWeakness (asthenia): 14.1% on 1.2 mg vs 2.8% on placebo over 24 weeks in EECOH-1, but 1.4% on 0.6 mg.
Headache
TrialHeadache: 2.8% on ecnoglutide and 2.8% on placebo in a 20-week phase 2 trial of 145 adults with type 2 diabetes.
Nausea or vomiting
TrialNausea 7–13% vs 10% on placebo in EECOH-1, and 12% vs 3% in the phase 2 trial; vomiting 3% vs 0%. Most common while the dose was being raised.
Diarrhea or constipation
TrialDiarrhea 11–25% vs 6% and bloating 4–9% vs 1% on placebo in EECOH-1; constipation 7% vs 6% in the phase 2 trial.
Dizziness
TrialDizziness 3–7% vs 0% on placebo in EECOH-1, but 2% vs 6% in the phase 2 trial.
Trouble sleeping
TrialTrouble sleeping was reported in 0.9% on ecnoglutide vs 5.6% on placebo in the 20-week phase 2 trial.
Hair loss
Not reportedHair loss wasn’t among side effects reported at 5% or more in the published diabetes trials (up to 24 weeks); the weight trial’s full side-effect table wasn’t available.
Acne, rash or skin changes
TrialInjection-site problems (bleeding, itching) occurred in 2 of 109 people on ecnoglutide vs none on placebo in the phase 2 trial.
Water retention or swelling
Not reportedSwelling or fluid retention wasn’t among the reported side effects in the published diabetes trials, which followed 249 people on ecnoglutide for 20–24 weeks.
Joint or muscle pain
Not reportedJoint or muscle pain wasn’t among the reported side effects in the published diabetes trials (249 people on ecnoglutide, 20–24 weeks).
Anxiety, low mood or irritability
Not reportedAnxiety and low mood weren’t among the reported side effects in the published trials. FDA’s 2026 review of 91 GLP-1 drug trials found no rise in either.
Low or high blood sugar
TrialIt lowers blood sugar. Lab-detected lows (under about 70 mg/dL) hit 3–6% vs 1% on placebo in EECOH-1, with no severe episodes.
Fast heartbeat or blood pressure changes
TrialPulse rose 3.0–5.4 beats per minute vs a 1.6 fall on placebo; fast heartbeat 5.6% on 1.2 mg vs 1.4%. Systolic pressure fell 4–5 points vs 2 (EECOH-1).
More hunger
TrialIt curbs appetite: decreased appetite hit 22–27% vs 4% on placebo in EECOH-1. How much weight returns after stopping hasn’t been reported.
Liver strain
Not reportedNo liver problems were reported in EECOH-1 (140 people on ecnoglutide, 24 weeks); its raised pancreatic enzymes weren’t linked to liver disorders.
Kidney problems
TrialNo kidney injury was reported in the published trials. Protein in the urine was noted in 7.3% on ecnoglutide vs 0% on placebo in the 20-week phase 2 trial.
Cancer risk
PrecautionLong-term cancer risk is unknown. Approved GLP-1 drugs carry a thyroid C-cell tumor warning from rodent studies, and its diabetes trials excluded people with medullary thyroid cancer or MEN 2.
Trial: reported in human studies. Precaution: a concern that follows from how it works or from a related drug, not measured. Not reported: studied in people and not reported. A side effect that hasn’t been reported can still happen, especially with long or high-dose use. Any of these across every compound: the side-effect finder.
Who should avoid it
Ecnoglutide is approved outside the US, but its label couldn’t be checked, so these come from its trials and from precautions based on how it works. Most important first.
History of medullary thyroid cancer or MEN 2
TrialExcluded from the diabetes trials, including a family history; MEN 2 is an inherited tumor syndrome. Approved GLP-1 drugs are ruled out for this group because of thyroid C-cell tumors in rodents.
Past pancreatitis
TrialExcluded from the diabetes trials, along with high pancreatitis risk; pancreatitis is a listed risk of approved GLP-1 drugs. Pancreatic enzymes rose more often than on placebo in EECOH-1.
Advanced diabetic eye disease
TrialProliferative retinopathy or maculopathy in the prior 6 months excluded people from the diabetes trials; rapid blood-sugar lowering can worsen retinopathy with GLP-1 drugs.
Slow stomach emptying or recent stomach surgery
TrialExcluded from the diabetes trials (within 6 months). Like other GLP-1 drugs, ecnoglutide is expected to slow stomach emptying.
Recent heart attack, stroke or heart failure
TrialExcluded from the diabetes trials within the prior 6 months, so there are no data; pulse rose 3–5 beats per minute on treatment.
Pregnancy or breastfeeding
PrecautionNo human safety data exist.
Anyone relying on product quality outside China
PrecautionIt isn’t approved outside China, so any powder sold online has no regulated standard for identity, purity or sterility, and none has been tested in people.
Interactions
Only interactions stated on a product label or measured in a human study are listed.
Warfarin
TrialIn 28 healthy adults, steady-state ecnoglutide didn’t change warfarin exposure or INR, a clotting test; peak levels fell modestly and came later.
Digoxin
TrialDigoxin exposure fell 16% and its peak level slightly. The authors judged this not clinically significant but advised close monitoring, especially with kidney impairment.
Metformin and rosuvastatin
TrialNeither drug’s total exposure changed in a clinically relevant way alongside ecnoglutide (rosuvastatin 106% of its usual level).
Trial: seen in human studies, or a group those studies left out. Precaution: follows from how it works or from a related drug, and hasn’t been tested. This isn’t a complete list: a pharmacist or doctor can check a specific medicine or condition. Every documented interaction, by medicine: drug interactions.
Special situations
What’s known about pregnancy, breastfeeding, kidney and liver problems, age and surgery. Where nothing has been studied, the row says so.
Pregnancy
TrialNo human safety data. The phase 2 trial enrolled only non-pregnant, non-breastfeeding adults; one ectopic pregnancy there was judged unrelated. Wegovy’s label, for comparison, says to stop 2 months before a planned pregnancy.
Breastfeeding
PrecautionNo data on whether it passes into breast milk.
Kidney problems
PrecautionNo published study in kidney impairment. Vomiting or diarrhea can dehydrate and injure the kidneys, a listed risk of approved GLP-1 drugs.
Liver problems
PrecautionNo published study in liver impairment.
Older adults
TrialThe phase 3 trials enrolled adults up to 75; no separate results for older people have been published.
Children and teens
TrialNot approved under 18. A phase 1 study in 48 Chinese teens with obesity finished in April 2026, and a phase 3 trial in 192 teens aged 12–17 is due to start in late 2026.
Surgery and anesthesia
PrecautionNo data for ecnoglutide. Approved GLP-1 labels warn that slowed stomach emptying has led to rare aspiration under anesthesia or deep sedation; tell the surgical team about it.
Trial: from human studies. Precaution: not studied, so the caution follows from how it works or from a related drug. Ages are given as approved or studied; this site never gives doses for children. Across every compound: pregnancy, breastfeeding, kidney disease, liver disease, older adults and surgery.
Tracking and pairing
Worth tracking
Blood sugar if you use insulin or a sulfonylurea
HbA1c
Resting heart rate
Kidney function if vomiting or diarrhea is heavy
Often paired with
Usually run on its own.
Human studies
4 key published human studies, with how many people took part. Animal studies aren’t listed here.
2025664 people
Weight fell 9.1%, 10.9% and 13.2% vs a 0.1% gain on placebo in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity, counting everyone who got a dose; 87% on 2.4 mg lost at least 5% vs 16%.
Registered trials that are still running, or that finished without published results, most important first. Checked on ClinicalTrials.gov, October 7, 2026.
Phase 2NCT07073417
SLIMMER-UP-SWITCH: ecnoglutide vs semaglutide injections, with treatment switching, in 163 Chinese adults with obesity: weight change at 48 weeks
Active, not recruiting; completion expected August 2027
Phase 2NCT07281937
Weekly oral ecnoglutide tablets (VRB-101) vs placebo for 21 weeks in 206 US adults with obesity, or overweight with a related condition
Completed July 2026; no results posted or published
Phase 3NCT07387094
Ecnoglutide vs placebo for 48 weeks in 140 Chinese adults with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea who don’t use a breathing machine
Recruiting since February 2026; completion expected December 2027
Phase 3NCT07734311
Ecnoglutide vs placebo for 68 weeks in 360 Chinese adults with obesity and knee osteoarthritis: knee pain and weight
Recruiting since August 2026; completion expected June 2028
Phase 3NCT07836270
SLIMMER-YOUNG: three ecnoglutide doses vs placebo in 192 Chinese teens aged 12–17 with overweight or obesity: BMI change at 40 weeks
Not yet recruiting; start expected October 2026, completion September 2028
Ecnoglutide’s phase 3 trials enrolled only Chinese adults, 211 to 664 people each, for 24–52 weeks; the weight trial’s main result is at 40 weeks. No heart outcome trial has been run, the Chinese label wasn’t available in English, and the oral tablet is still in phase 2. Rare and long-term risks, and use in other populations, are untested.
How it’s supplied
Ready-made pens for weekly injection, sold only in China; trial pens gave preset doses of 0.3–2.4 mg. The pen measures each dose, so there’s nothing to mix or draw up.
No mixing: it comes as a ready-made solution. In EECOH-1 the pens delivered preset volumes (0.3 mg was 0.15 mL).
Datasheet
Half-life
about 5 to 6 daysTrialSteady state after weekly subcutaneous doses of 0.2–0.6 mg for 6 weeks in healthy adults (phase 1); levels peaked 12–72 hours after a dose.
Type
Peptide, 31 amino acids
Molecular weight
4,284.8 g/mol
Formula
C194H304N48O61
Sequence
HVEGTFTSDVSSYLEEQAAREFIKWLVRGRGLys24, at GLP-1 position 30, carries a C18 fatty diacid through a γGlu–2×OEG linker
Storage before use
No English-language label: the storage rules for the Chinese product couldn’t be checked.
After mixing or opening
Not available.
Half-life: Guo et al., Mol Metab 2023, PMID 37364710
Molecule: PubChem CID 162625103 (formula); FDA GSRS, UNII KM6YM7L8LH (sequence, calculated weight 4284.8); Guo et al., Mol Metab 2023 (design)
Storage:Community No label or published storage data available in English
A 31-amino-acid peptide built only from natural amino acids (plus a fatty-acid chain), unlike semaglutide; its developer says this simplifies manufacture. No product is approved outside China, and powders sold for lab use haven’t been tested in people.
Cautions
Approved only in China; the US, EU and other major regulators haven’t reviewed it, and the Chinese label wasn’t available in English.
Decreased appetite, diarrhea, nausea and bloating are common, mostly while the dose rises: decreased appetite hit 22–27% vs 4% on placebo in EECOH-1.
The diabetes trials excluded people with medullary thyroid cancer or MEN 2 (ruled out on approved GLP-1 labels), past pancreatitis, or a recent heart attack or stroke. Pancreatic enzymes rose more often than on placebo.
Pulse rose 3–5 beats per minute. Mild low blood sugar occurred in trials; approved GLP-1 labels warn that the risk is higher with insulin or a sulfonylurea.
The phase 3 trials enrolled only Chinese adults for 24–52 weeks; rare and long-term risks aren’t known.
Questions
What is ecnoglutide?
A weekly GLP-1 analog with a fatty-acid chain, designed to trigger the receptor’s main signal (cAMP) while barely pulling the receptor into the cell, a pattern called signaling bias. It lowers blood sugar and appetite.
How does ecnoglutide work?
Ecnoglutide is a modified GLP-1, a gut hormone, carrying the same kind of fatty-acid chain as semaglutide, so one dose lasts about a week. It switches on the GLP-1 receptor, which raises insulin when blood sugar is high, lowers glucagon, slows stomach emptying and curbs appetite. In cell tests it strongly triggered the receptor’s cAMP signal but barely pulled the receptor into the cell, a pattern called signaling bias that its developers sought. Whether the signaling bias seen in cells gives any advantage in people is unproven; no head-to-head result against semaglutide has been published. Long-term safety, heart outcomes and effects outside Chinese populations are unknown.
Is ecnoglutide FDA-approved?
Not approved in the US, EU, UK, Canada or Australia. Approved only in China (NMPA): in January 2026 for blood-sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes and in March 2026 for long-term weight management in adults with overweight or obesity.
What is the usual ecnoglutide dose?
From human studies (EECOH-1, Nat Commun 2026): 0.3 mg once weekly, doubled every 4 weeks to 0.6 mg (from week 5) or 1.2 mg (from week 9), in type 2 diabetes. At 24 weeks HbA1c fell 1.96 and 2.43 points vs 0.87 on placebo. SLIMMER, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025: 1.2, 1.8 or 2.4 mg once weekly in adults with overweight or obesity. At 40 weeks weight fell 9.1%, 10.9% and 13.2% vs a 0.1% gain on placebo, counting everyone who got a dose. These are the amounts sources reference, not recommendations.
How is ecnoglutide given?
Ready-made pens for weekly injection, sold only in China; trial pens gave preset doses of 0.3–2.4 mg, injected under the skin. The pen measures each dose, so there’s nothing to mix.
Who should avoid ecnoglutide?
Ecnoglutide is approved outside the US, but its label couldn’t be checked, so these come from its trials and from precautions based on how it works. History of medullary thyroid cancer or MEN 2: Excluded from the diabetes trials, including a family history; MEN 2 is an inherited tumor syndrome. Approved GLP-1 drugs are ruled out for this group because of thyroid C-cell tumors in rodents. Past pancreatitis: Excluded from the diabetes trials, along with high pancreatitis risk; pancreatitis is a listed risk of approved GLP-1 drugs. Pancreatic enzymes rose more often than on placebo in EECOH-1. Advanced diabetic eye disease: Proliferative retinopathy or maculopathy in the prior 6 months excluded people from the diabetes trials; rapid blood-sugar lowering can worsen retinopathy with GLP-1 drugs. The “Who should avoid it” section lists 4 more groups and 3 interactions.
What is the half-life of ecnoglutide?
About 5 to 6 days, measured in human studies. Steady state after weekly subcutaneous doses of 0.2–0.6 mg for 6 weeks in healthy adults (phase 1); levels peaked 12–72 hours after a dose.
How should ecnoglutide be stored?
Before mixing: No English-language label: the storage rules for the Chinese product couldn’t be checked. After mixing: Not available. This is common practice; no product label covers it.
Is ecnoglutide banned in sport?
No. Not named on the 2026 list. China approved it in January 2026, so the S0 rule for drugs with no government approval doesn’t apply, and no other section covers GLP-1 drugs. WADA’s 2026 Monitoring Program tracks only semaglutide and tirzepatide in this class.
Has ecnoglutide been studied in people?
Yes. The human studies section lists 4 published studies. The largest, from 2025, included 664 people. Weight fell 9.1%, 10.9% and 13.2% vs a 0.1% gain on placebo in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity, counting everyone who got a dose; 87% on 2.4 mg lost at least 5% vs 16%.
How long has ecnoglutide been studied in people?
Trial EECOH-2: 414 adults with type 2 diabetes treated for 52 weeks. In SLIMMER, 499 adults on ecnoglutide were followed for up to 48 weeks.
Does ecnoglutide come in other forms, like a pill or nasal spray?
Trial Weekly injections under the skin are approved in China. A tablet (XW004, also called VRB-101), taken daily or weekly, is in phase 1–2 trials in China, Australia and the US.
Can you drink alcohol while taking ecnoglutide?
Precaution No data. Heavy drinking can cause pancreatitis and, with insulin or sulfonylureas, low blood sugar, both listed risks of approved GLP-1 drugs.
Can ecnoglutide be taken with semaglutide or tirzepatide?
Label Don’t combine two GLP-1 drugs: ecnoglutide is one. No study has combined it with another, and labels such as Wegovy’s advise against adding any other GLP-1 drug. A trial is testing switching from semaglutide.
What happens if you take too much ecnoglutide?
Precaution No overdose cases have been published, and China’s label wasn’t available. Approved GLP-1 labels report severe nausea, vomiting and low blood sugar after overdoses. Call Poison Help (1-800-222-1222), or emergency services for severe symptoms.
Sources
Shirley, Ecnoglutide: First Approvals (Drugs 2026) PMID 42412371
Sciwind Biosciences announcements of NMPA approval for type 2 diabetes (January 30, 2026) and chronic weight management (March 6, 2026)
Ji et al., SLIMMER phase 3 trial in overweight or obesity (Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025) PMID 40555243
Zhu et al., EECOH-1 phase 3 trial vs placebo (Nat Commun 2026) PMID 41501026
He et al., EECOH-2 phase 3 trial vs dulaglutide (Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025) PMID 40854315
For the protocol details
Sciwind Biosciences: NMPA approval for chronic weight management, with 48-week SLIMMER figures (March 6, 2026)
For how it works, who should avoid it and the limits of the evidence
Guo et al., discovery of ecnoglutide, cell, animal and phase 1 studies (Mol Metab 2023) PMID 37364710
EECOH-1 and EECOH-2 eligibility criteria (US trial registry entries) NCT05680155
Li et al., ecnoglutide with rosuvastatin and digoxin (Diabetes Obes Metab 2026) PMID 42310888
Chen et al., ecnoglutide with warfarin and metformin (Front Pharmacol 2026) PMID 42137314
For uses, the side-effect questions, special situations, trials, identifiers and status outside the US
Zhu et al., phase 2 trial in type 2 diabetes (Nat Commun 2024) PMID 39333121
FDA Drug Safety Communication: removal of the suicidal behavior and ideation warning from GLP-1 receptor agonists (January 13, 2026)
FDA Global Substance Registration System record (UNII KM6YM7L8LH), PubChem CID 162625103, DrugBank DB19019 and WHO ATC index search (January 2026)
EMA medicines data, Health Canada Drug Product Database, MHRA products database and TGA product information searches for ecnoglutide (October 8, 2026); Australian Poisons Standard, October 2026
ClinicalTrials.gov registry entries for the trials listed and for NCT07143227, NCT05184322 and NCT07243171 (checked October 8, 2026)